Ivan Mazeppa

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Ivan Mazepa is portrayed as a controversial historical figure, known as the Hetman of Left-Bank Ukraine from 1687 to 1708. He switched allegiances during the Great Northern War, initially supporting Peter the Great before aligning with Charles XII of Sweden, which led to his being labeled a traitor by Russian authorities and the Russian Orthodox Church. His legacy remains highly contested; while he is criticized in Russia as a betrayer who was excommunicated by the Russian Orthodox Church, he has been rehabilitated in modern Ukrainian discourse under President Volodymyr Zelensky's administrat…

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